Versatility is an important quality in a military plane, and Beechcraft is no stranger to delivering aircraft that can do it all. The Beechcraft 1900 C-12J is one such machine, derived from the famous C-12 Huron and recognized for its blend of military utility and efficient design. From New Mexico to Japan, this aircraft plays a crucial role in U.S. military operations.
Far from being a static machine, this aircraft actively engages in various strategic roles across different locations. In this article, we’ll explore the military applications of this important King Air variant, including:
- The history and development of Beechcraft Aircraft
- How Beechcraft aircraft are used in aviation
- The Beechcraft King Air in civilian and military service
- The Beechcraft C-12 Huron: A critical military variant
- Innovative technology used in the Beechcraft 1900 C-12J
- Examples of Beechcraft 1900 C-12J aircraft in military service
- Aircraft sustainment for the Beechcraft 1900 C-12J by Greenwood Aerospace
The nomenclature used by the C-12J reflects its lineage—six Beechcraft 1900s, identified with 'UD' serial numbers, were initially crafted for the U.S. military. Beyond these, several additional 1900Cs found their place in U.S. military service under the C-12J designation.
From GPS jamming assessments to vital airlift operations and support missions, the Beechcraft 1900 C-12J is a reliable stalwart in military aviation. Its adaptability, range, and efficient design make it a key factor in addressing the demands of modern military operations.
At Greenwood Aerospace, we provide expert aircraft sustainment services for the Beechcraft 1900 C-12J and other Beechcraft aircraft. You can trust our experienced team to reliably keep your Beechcraft fleet in the air and performing to the highest standards.
Contact us today to learn more about our work supporting Army fleets through parts procurement and other comprehensive services.
History & Development of Beechcraft Aircraft
The Beechcraft story began in 1932 with the production of the iconic Beechcraft Model 17 Staggerwing, which played a critical role during World War II. After winning several prestigious production awards for its wartime efforts, Beechcraft transitioned to post-war aviation with the introduction of the Bonanza in 1947. With its distinctive V-tail, the Bonanza remains the world’s longest-running production airplane.
Throughout the mid-20th century, Beechcraft stood among the “Big Three” in general aviation alongside Cessna and Piper Aircraft.
From 1950 until the company’s acquisition by Raytheon in 1980, Beechcraft expanded its portfolio. During this time, it produced the renowned King Air and Super King Air turboprops, the Baron twin-engined variant, and the Beechcraft Model 18.
Mergers and transformations followed, including:
- 1980: Raytheon acquires Beech Aircraft Corp.
- 1994: Raytheon merges Beechcraft with its Hawker product line
- 2006: Goldman Sachs and Onex Partners purchase Raytheon’s aircraft division, finalizing a merger that launches the Hawker Beechcraft name
- 2013: Beechcraft Corporation is formed with a focus on the King Air line and military trainers.
- 2014: Textron acquires Beechcraft, forming Textron Aviation
The Textron acquisition preserved both Beechcraft and Cessna as distinct brands, marking a new chapter in the storied history of this aviation pioneer.
How Beechcraft Aircraft are Used in Aviation
Beechcraft aircraft serve diverse roles in aviation logistics, from regional airliners to freight transport and corporate travel. The brand’s historical significance and continued production contribute to the Beechcraft brand’s enduring impact.
Beechcraft aircraft are used for:
- Commercial applications
- Military service
- Government use
In this section, we’ll take a closer look at the important role played by Beechcraft aircraft around the world.
Commercial Use
Beechcraft aircraft–especially the Beechcraft 1900–are extensively employed in commercial aviation. As regional airliners, they accommodate around 19 passengers, serving routes with short runways and challenging weather conditions.
Known for their reliability and versatility, Beechcraft planes are the preferred aircraft for connecting smaller airports and improving air travel accessibility. Thanks to their efficiency, they are suitable for both passenger and freight transport. This contributes to their widespread use in commercial operations around the world.
Military & Government Use
Beechcraft’s history of producing robust and reliable aircraft has made it a fixture in government fleets. Globally, Beechcraft aircraft play crucial roles in military and government operations requiring an adaptable fleet for military transport and intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR).
For example, the King Air series—including the Super King Air—serves governments for special missions, border patrol, and maritime surveillance. Another example is the T-6 Texan II, a military trainer derived from the Beechcraft T-6, which serves as an important primary and intermediate training plane for military pilots.
From troop transport to critical surveillance tasks, the brand’s military and government aircraft continue to demonstrate versatility, contributing significantly to national defense and security initiatives.
The Beechcraft King Air in Civilian and Military Service
The Beechcraft King Air is a versatile twin-turboprop aircraft with an esteemed track record of serving both civilian and military roles around the world.
Models like the C90 and C90A have been widely utilized for civilian transportation and aerial surveys, among other things. In terms of military applications, the King Air variants have been operated by militaries globally, from the United States to the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force. Let’s take a closer look at the early King Air series and their applications.
Model 90 Series
The Beechcraft King Air Model 90 series originated as the Model 120 in 1961 and underwent significant evolution. After commencing test flights in 1962 as the Model 87, the series saw its first production delivery in 1964.
The four military versions built during the 1960s and 1970s included:
- 65-A90-1 (Military version, unpressurized, based on Model 87)
- 65-A90-2 (Military version, unpressurized, based on Model 87)
- 65-A90-3 (Military version, unpressurized, based on Model 87)
- 65-A90-4 (Military version, unpressurized, based on Model 87)
Featuring various sub-models, these aircraft were manufactured for the U.S. Army and assigned the designation U-21s. Numerous units were equipped specifically for electronic battlefield surveillance. In total 162 of these military aircraft were produced during the period from 1967 to 1971.
More recent developments included the C90GTi in 2008, which incorporated advanced avionics, and the C90GTx in 2015 featuring additional upgrades. The series concluded in March 2021 with the discontinuation of the C90GTx, with Textron pledging sustained support for the existing fleet.
Model 100 Series
The Beechcraft King Air Model 100 series, introduced as a stretched variation of the Model 90, represented a significant advancement in the King Air lineup. First flow in 1969, the Model 100 utilized wings, tail, and engines from the Model 99 airliner–a development of the Queen Air.
The Model 100 was succeeded by the Model A100 in 1972, further enhancing its capabilities with an increased Maximum Takeoff Weight (MTOW) of 11,500 pounds, a 94 US gallons fuel capacity boost, and the adoption of four-bladed propellers. Production of the A100 continued until 1979, with a total of 157 units built.
The subsequent B100, introduced in 1976, saw another MTOW increase to 11,800 pounds and was produced until 1983, with 137 units built. This series laid the foundation for the Model 200 Super King Air, sharing the same fuselage design but distinguished by different wings and a T-tail, entering service in 1974.
Beechcraft C-12 Huron: A Critical Military Variant
The Beechcraft C-12 Huron is a versatile military aircraft based on the Super King Air and Beechcraft 1900. It is used by the U.S. Air Force, Army, Navy, and Marine Corps in various roles, including:
- Embassy support
- Medical evacuation
- Passenger transport
- Cargo transport
The C-12 is a reliable military transport workhorse thanks to its adaptability and wide range of capabilities. In this section, we’ll take a closer look at the Beechcraft C-12 Huron’s models, users, and differences.
Design & Development
The Beechcraft C-12 Huron’s design and development can be traced back to the early 1970s when the U.S. Army adopted the C-12A as a liaison and personnel transport. Initial models like the C-12A and the UC-12B were based on off-the-shelf Super King Air 200 and A200C versions, respectively.
Over the years, the C-12 Huron series has evolved to accommodate larger groups, such as the C-12J based on the Beechcraft 1900C. The aircraft’s success stems from combining proven civilian designs with military modifications to suit the needs of diverse operational requirements.
Specifications
The Beechcraft C-12 Huron is a twin-engine turboprop aircraft with a length of 43 feet 9 inches, a wingspan of 54 feet 6 inches, and a height of 15 feet. It accommodates a crew of 1-5 and has a capacity for 13 passengers.
The aircraft has a maximum takeoff weight of 12,500 pounds and is powered by two Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-42 turboprop engines, each generating 850 shp. With 4-bladed constant-speed propellers, it achieves a maximum speed of 289 knots at 15,000 feet and a service ceiling of 35,000 feet.
The C-12 Huron boasts a range of 1,450 nautical miles and a rate of climb of 2,450 feet per minute, making it an efficient and adaptable aircraft for various military roles.
Beechcraft 1900C Development & Design
The Beechcraft 1900C is one of history’s most popular 19-passenger twin-engine turboprop aircraft, renowned for its versatility as a regional airliner.
The aircraft has been employed in:
- Regional travel
- Cargo transport
- Corporate flights
- Military operations
In this section, we’ll take a closer look at the development and design of this important passenger aircraft.
Development
The Beechcraft 1900C traces its lineage to 1949 and the Beechcraft Model 50 “Twin Bonanza,” a U.S. Army utility aircraft. Evolving from the King Air series, it directly descended from the Super King Air and maintained common cockpit features.
Following its first flight on September 3, 1982, it gained FAA certification in November 1983. This 19-passenger regional turboprop marked Beechcraft’s third venture into regional airliners after the successes of the Model 18 and Model 99.
The 1900C was initially introduced with two airstair doors and later revised to a single front airstair in the interest of enhancing efficiency for its limited passenger capacity. This version, alongside the improved 1900D, secured the aircraft’s status as a prolific aircraft in regional aviation history.
Design
The Beechcraft 1900C is a pressurized twin-engine turboprop designed with a compact and efficient configuration. Derived from the King Air series, its cockpit operations resemble those of the King Air, facilitating single-pilot operations. The aircraft’s design prioritizes versatility for corporate, cargo, and regional airline roles.
Notable features of the 1900C include a stand-up cabin in the 1900D variant, which allows passengers to walk upright. Propelled by two Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A turboprop engines, it delivers reliable performance, with the 1900D incorporating enhancements like winglets and an Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS) for modernization.
The aircraft’s design ultimately reflects its adaptability to different mission profiles and operational demands.
Innovative Technology Used in the Beechcraft 1900 C-12J
The Beechcraft 1900 C-12J is a military variant used by the U.S. Air Force. It includes six Beechcraft 1900s with ‘UD’ serial numbers, along with other 1900Cs in U.S. military service. These aircraft are used for a wide range of applications, from GPS jamming tests to operational missions.
Let’s take a closer look at the innovative technology used by the military in the Beechcraft 1900 C-12J.
Propulsion
The Beechcraft 1900 C-12J is powered by two Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-65B turboprop engines, each flat-rated at 1,100 shaft horsepower. These engines drive Hartzell four-bladed composite propellers.
The aircraft is equipped with a bladder-type fuel tank system, and Jet A is the recommended fuel. This propulsion setup provides the necessary power for military operations, ensuring reliable performance and operational flexibility for the C-12J variant.
Performance
The Beechcraft 1900 C-12J has a cruising speed of approximately 285 knots (528 km/h), equivalent to 328 mph or 528 km/h. It typically operates on short to medium-length routes, with ordinary trip lengths ranging from 100 to 600 miles. However, with full fuel tanks, the aircraft is capable of flying well over 1,000 nautical miles (1,900 km). Known for its fuel efficiency, it is often preferred over jet aircraft for shorter routes.
The 1900 C-12J can safely operate on relatively short airstrips, taking off and landing on grass and rough runways. It is certified to fly up to 25,000 feet (7,600 m) above mean sea level, features a pressurized cabin, and is equipped to handle various weather conditions, including icing, with the aid of weather radar.
Examples of Beechcraft 1900 C-12J Aircraft in Military Service
The Beechcraft 1900 C-12J, a military variant of the C-12 Huron, serves diverse roles in the U.S. military. Since its inception as a regional airliner, the aircraft has transitioned seamlessly into its military role as a strategic transport vehicle and asset in specialized operations.
Here are three important functions served by the C-12J in the U.S. military:
- GPS jamming tests
- Airlift operations
- Air Force base support
A Beechcraft 1900 C-12J participates in GPS jamming tests at the Holloman Air Force Base in New Mexico, home to the 586th Flight Test Squadron. Another C-12J is stationed at Elmendorf Air Force Base with the 517th Airlift Squadron in Alaska where it provides essential support in airlift operations. Further, there are three C-12Js operated by the 459th Airlift Squadron at Yokota Air Base in Japan.
The Beechcraft 1900 C-12J isn't confined to a singular mission; its multifaceted capabilities extend to transport and support duties. These aircraft play an integral part in fulfilling the operational requirements of both the U.S. Air Force's Pacific Air Forces and Air Force Materiel Command. The U.S. Army, known for its adept use of aviation assets, integrates the C-12J and 1900D variants into its fleet, working in harmony with other C-12 King Air models.
Aircraft Sustainment for the Beechcraft 1900 C-12J by Greenwood Aerospace
The Beechcraft 1900 C-12J has evolved from a civilian aircraft to a specialized military variant renowned for its adaptability and efficiency. From GPS jamming tests to crucial airlift missions, this machine has proven its mettle beyond all doubt.
The C-12J's presence in the U.S. Air Force's Pacific Air Forces, Air Force Materiel Command, and the U.S. Army underscores its significance in bolstering the military capabilities of army aviation units. As a stalwart in the skies, the Beechcraft 1900 C-12J is the very embodiment of form and function, exemplifying the precision and versatility demanded by modern military operations.
At Greenwood Aerospace, we’re proud to provide aircraft sustainment and quality aircraft parts for the Beechcraft 1900 C-12J and other C-12 King Air variants. As trusted and experienced suppliers, our dedicated team ensures optimal performance, reliability, and safety—values that closely align with Beechcraft’s commitment to excellence.
We lead the industry in the supply and procurement of parts for Beechcraft aircraft, as well as:
- GPIQ Part Procurement Intelligence
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If you’d like to learn more about our work, check out more of our services at GovernmentProcurement.com.
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